adaptersWheelComponents that allow wheels with different bolt patterns to fit on a vehicle by changing the bolt pattern.aggressive fitmentFitmentExtreme wheel fitment that maximizes tire width and offset for a bold, aggressive look.aired outSlangA suspension setup with reduced suspension travel, often used for a low-profile, aggressive look.alignmentPerformanceAdjusting the angles of the wheels so they are perpendicular to the ground and parallel to each other.aspect ratioTireTire sidewall height as a percentage of width. Lower numbers mean shorter sidewalls (e.g., 35 in 245/35R18).backspacingWheelThe distance from the wheel's mounting surface to the back edge of the wheel. Critical for clearance with suspension components.baggedSlangA suspension setup with reduced suspension travel, often used for a low-profile, aggressive look.balancingPerformanceThe process of equalizing weight distribution around a wheel and tire assembly.barrelWheelThe cylindrical section of the wheel between the inner and outer edges.beadTireThe inner edge of the tire that sits on the wheel's bead seat.bead lockWheelA wheel design that mechanically clamps the tire bead to prevent it from coming off the rim.bead seatWheelThe area of the wheel where the tire bead sits and seals against the wheel.bolt patternWheelThe diameter of the circle formed by the centers of the wheel bolts or studs, and the number of bolts or studs. Example: 5x114.3 means 5 bolts on a 114.3mm diameter circle.bolt-onGeneralWheels that can be installed without modifying the vehicle's suspension or other components.brake clearanceFitmentThe space between a wheel spoke and brake components, ensuring wheels fit without interference.camberPerformanceThe inward or outward tilt of the wheel when viewed from the front of the vehicle.castWheelWheels manufactured by pouring molten metal into a mold and allowing it to cool and solidify.casterPerformanceThe forward or backward tilt of the steering axis when viewed from the side.center boreWheelThe center hole of the wheel that fits over the vehicle's hub. Also called hub bore.center capsWheelDecorative covers that fit over the center hole of the wheel, often displaying the manufacturer's logo.centerlineWheelAn imaginary line running through the middle of the wheel's width.chassisFitmentThe frame or structural foundation of a vehicle that supports the body and other components.coiloversPerformanceA type of suspension system that combines a coil spring and shock absorber in one unit.concaveWheelA wheel face that curves inward toward the center, creating depth and visual appeal.contact patchTireThe area of the tire that actually touches the road surface.convexWheelA wheel face that curves outward from the center, the opposite of concave.deep dishWheelWheels with a pronounced inward curve or concave shape, creating a "deep" appearance.demon camberSlangExtreme negative camber angle that creates a dramatic tilted wheel appearance, popular in stance culture.directionalTireTires or wheels designed to rotate in only one direction for optimal performance.dishSlangA wheel design with a pronounced concave or convex curve, creating a unique and stylish appearance.dumpedSlangA suspension setup with reduced suspension travel, often used for a low-profile, aggressive look.ETWheelEinpresstiefe - the German term for offset, commonly used in European wheel specifications.facesWheelThe front surface of a wheel that's visible when mounted, often the decorative or styled portion.fender clearanceFitmentThe space between the wheel/tire and the vehicle's fender or wheel well.fitmentFitmentHow well a wheel fits a specific vehicle, considering factors like bolt pattern, offset, and clearance.flow formedWheelA manufacturing process that combines casting and forging techniques for lighter, stronger wheels.flushFitmentWhen the wheel face sits perfectly aligned with the vehicle's fender edge.forgedWheelWheels manufactured by compressing and shaping heated metal under extreme pressure for strength.heat cyclingTireA controlled process of heating and cooling new performance tires to extend longevity and maximize grip.hub boreWheelThe center hole of the wheel that fits over the vehicle's hub. Also called center bore.hub centricWheelWheels designed so the center bore matches the vehicle's hub diameter exactly for proper centering.lipWheelThe outer edge or flange of the wheel, often referring to deep dish wheels.load ratingTireA numerical code indicating the maximum weight a tire can safely carry.lug centricWheelWheels that rely on the lug nuts/bolts for centering rather than the hub bore.lug nutsWheelFasteners that secure the wheel to the vehicle's hub. Different types include acorn, ball seat, and flat seat.minus sizingFitmentInstalling smaller diameter wheels with higher profile tires, often for winter use.monoblockWheelWheels cast or forged as a single piece, also called one-piece construction.mounting surfaceWheelThe flat area of the wheel that contacts the vehicle's hub when installed.multi piece wheel hardwareWheelBolts, nuts, and washers used to assemble multi-piece wheels together.multi-pieceWheelWheels constructed from multiple separate pieces (typically 2 or 3 pieces) bolted together.OEMGeneralOriginal Equipment Manufacturer - refers to parts made by the same company that made the original parts for the vehicle.offsetWheelThe distance from the wheel's mounting surface to the centerline of the wheel. Positive offset means the mounting surface is toward the front (street side) of the wheel.oversteerPerformanceA handling characteristic where the rear wheels lose grip before the front wheels.plus sizingFitmentInstalling larger diameter wheels with lower profile tires to maintain overall diameter.pokeFitmentHow far a wheel extends beyond the vehicle's fender, often measured in millimeters.R-compound tiresTireUltra-high-performance tires designed for track use — softer rubber with extreme grip but shorter lifespan.redrillWheelModifying a wheel's bolt pattern by drilling new holes, often to fit different vehicles.repsSlangReplica wheels that imitate the design of original or more expensive wheels at a lower cost.reverse lipWheelA wheel design with a lip that curves inward, creating a unique and stylish appearance.rimWheelThe outer edge of the wheel where the tire mounts. Often used interchangeably with "wheel".rotary forgedWheelAnother term for flow formed wheels, using spinning and pressure to shape the barrel.run flatTireTires designed to continue operating for a limited distance even after losing air pressure.scrub radiusPerformanceThe distance between the tire contact patch center and where the steering axis meets the ground.sealant for multi piece wheelsWheelSpecialized sealant applied between wheel pieces to prevent air leaks and ensure airtight assembly.sidewallTireThe side portion of a tire between the tread and the bead.sidewall flexTireThe bending of the tire sidewall under load, affecting handling and ride quality.slicksTireRacing tires with no tread pattern, designed for maximum grip on dry surfaces.spacersWheelMetal discs placed between the wheel and hub to change the wheel's offset and push it further from the vehicle.speed ratingTireA letter code indicating the maximum speed a tire can safely sustain.spokeWheelThe structural elements that connect the wheel center to the outer rim.sprung weightPerformanceThe weight of the vehicle supported by the suspension springs.square setupFitmentA wheel and tire setup where all four wheels and tires are the same size.staggeredFitmentA wheel and tire setup where the rear wheels are wider than the front wheels.staggered fitmentFitmentA wheel and tire setup where the rear wheels are wider than the front wheels, creating a more aggressive and sporty look.staticSlangA suspension setup with no movement, often used for a low-profile, aggressive look.step lipWheelA wheel design with a raised lip or edge, often used for off-road or aggressive fitment.stretched tireTireA tire mounted on a wheel wider than the tire's recommended width, creating a stretched appearance.suspension modificationsPerformanceChanges to the vehicle's suspension system, such as lowering springs or coilovers, that can affect wheel fitment.test fitFitmentTemporarily mounting wheels to check fitment before final installation.three-pieceWheelWheels constructed from three separate pieces bolted together, offering more customization options.toePerformanceThe angle of the wheels when viewed from above - whether they point inward or outward.TPMSTireTire Pressure Monitoring System - sensors that monitor tire air pressure.track widthPerformanceThe distance between the centerlines of the tires on the same axle.treadTireThe part of the tire that contacts the road surface.tuckedFitmentWhen the wheel sits inside the fender well, not extending to the fender edge.understeerPerformanceA handling characteristic where the front wheels lose grip before the rear wheels.unsprung weightPerformanceThe weight of components not supported by the vehicle's springs (wheels, tires, brakes, etc.).valve stemTireThe component through which air is added to or removed from the tire.wheel diameterWheelThe measurement across the wheel from bead seat to bead seat, typically measured in inches.wheel weightsWheelSmall metal pieces attached to wheels to balance them and reduce vibration.wheel wellFitmentThe recessed area in the vehicle's body that houses the wheel and tire.wheel widthWheelThe measurement of the wheel from inner bead seat to outer bead seat, affecting tire fitment.wheelbasePerformanceThe distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels.